建黨節前夕:農業部、發改委聯合印發《農業農村減排固碳實施方案》
6月30日,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部、國(guo)家發展改革(ge)委聯合印發《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)減排固碳(tan)實(shi)施方(fang)案(an)(an)》(以下簡(jian)稱《方(fang)案(an)(an)》),為(wei)我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)減排固碳(tan),提(ti)供了系統性實(shi)施路(lu)徑。
《方案》提出,圍繞種植業節能減(jian)排(pai)、畜(chu)牧業減(jian)排(pai)降碳(tan)、漁業減(jian)排(pai)增匯、農(nong)田固碳(tan)擴容(rong)、農(nong)機節能減(jian)排(pai)、可再(zai)生能源替(ti)代等六項任務(wu),實施(shi)稻田甲烷減(jian)排(pai)、化(hua)肥減(jian)量增效、科技創新(xin)支撐、監測體系建設等十大行動。
《方案》提出(chu),到(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)減排(pai)固碳(tan)(tan)與糧食安全、鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興、農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現代(dai)化(hua)統籌(chou)融合的格局基本(ben)形(xing)成(cheng);到(dao)(dao)2030年(nian)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)全面綠色轉(zhuan)型取得顯(xian)著成(cheng)效。農(nong)(nong)業現代(dai)化(hua),關(guan)鍵在科技(ji)進步和創新。《農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)減排(pai)固碳(tan)(tan)實(shi)施方案》提出(chu)實(shi)施農(nong)(nong)業科技(ji)創新支撐行動,是解決我國農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)減排(pai)固碳(tan)(tan)問題的重要舉措。
各(ge)省、自治(zhi)區(qu)、直轄市農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(農(nong)牧)廳(ting)(局、委)、發展(zhan)改(gai)革委,新疆生(sheng)產建設(she)兵團農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)局、發展(zhan)改(gai)革委:
為貫徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)碳(tan)達峰碳(tan)中和重大決策(ce)部署,推進(jin)農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)綠色低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)展,我(wo)們制定了(le)《農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)減排固碳(tan)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案(an)》,現印發(fa)你們,請結合實(shi)(shi)際貫徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)。
農業農村部
國家發展改革委
2022年5月7日
《方案》具體內容如下:
2030 年(nian)前(qian)實(shi)現碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放達(da)峰(feng)、2060 年(nian)前(qian)實(shi)現碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he),農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)固碳(tan)(tan)既是重要舉(ju)措,也是潛(qian)力(li)所(suo)在。為貫(guan)(guan)徹(che)落實(shi)黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國(guo)務(wu)院決策部(bu)署,做好農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)固碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)作,根據《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國(guo)務(wu)院關(guan)于完(wan)整準(zhun)確全面(mian)貫(guan)(guan)徹(che)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)理念做好碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)工(gong)作的意見》和(he)《2030 年(nian)前(qian)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)行動方案(an)(an)》,制定(ding)本實(shi)施方案(an)(an)。
一、重要意義
(一)推進農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)減(jian)排(pai)固(gu)碳,是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容。習近(jin)平總書記在(zai)中央財經(jing)委員會(hui)第九次會(hui)議(yi)上強調,實(shi)現碳達峰碳中和(he)(he)是(shi)一場(chang)廣(guang)泛而深(shen)刻(ke)的(de)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)系統性變(bian)革,要(yao)把碳達峰碳中和(he)(he)納入生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設整體布局(ju)。農(nong)(nong)業具(ju)有“綠(lv)色”屬性和(he)(he)多重(zhong)(zhong)功能(neng),是(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)供給者,是(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組成部分。當前,農(nong)(nong)業資源(yuan)高度(du)消(xiao)耗的(de)經(jing)營方式尚未根本改變(bian),種養(yang)業綠(lv)色生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)低碳加工技(ji)術相對落后,一些(xie)地區農(nong)(nong)業面源(yuan)污染嚴重(zhong)(zhong),生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活使用散煤造成的(de)大氣污染和(he)(he)碳排(pai)放問題突出(chu)。加快(kuai)推進農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)減(jian)排(pai)固(gu)碳,提高農(nong)(nong)業資源(yuan)利用效率,改善農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)態(tai)環境,實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)業綠(lv)色發展,將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設成為(wei)美(mei)麗(li)中國的(de)“生(sheng)態(tai)屏障”,是(shi)建(jian)設農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明的(de)內在(zai)要(yao)求。
(二)推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排固碳(tan),是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)建(jian)設(she)的(de)重(zhong)要方向。實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)是全(quan)面建(jian)設(she)社會主義現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)國家的(de)重(zhong)大任務。以(yi)推(tui)動高(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)為主題,統籌發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)安全(quan),守(shou)牢(lao)國家糧食(shi)安全(quan)底線,實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活方式綠色低碳(tan)轉型,是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)建(jian)設(she)的(de)重(zhong)要內容(rong)。加快(kuai)(kuai)推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排固碳(tan),堅持(chi)質量興農(nong)(nong)(nong)、綠色興農(nong)(nong)(nong),加快(kuai)(kuai)發展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)態循環農(nong)(nong)(nong)業,構建(jian)節(jie)約資源、保護(hu)環境的(de)空間格(ge)局,形成農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)資源環境承載力相匹配、與(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活條件相協調(diao)的(de)總體布局,有(you)利于(yu)保障糧食(shi)安全(quan)和(he)重(zhong)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)供給、 推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)業提質增效(xiao)(xiao)、促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)建(jian)設(she)。
(三)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)減排固碳,是推(tui)(tui)進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要任務。鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)是實現中華民族偉(wei)大復興(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)(zhong)大任務,生態振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)是鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要內容。實施鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設行動(dong),推(tui)(tui)動(dong)農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)廢(fei)棄物資(zi)源(yuan)化利用,發(fa)展生物質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)等清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan),促進(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生產生活節(jie)能(neng)(neng)降耗(hao),改善農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人居環(huan)境,是實現鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生態宜居的(de)(de)關鍵所(suo)在。加快推(tui)(tui)進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)減排固碳,進(jin)一(yi)步推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)循環(huan)利用、綠(lv)色低碳的(de)(de)生產生活方(fang)式,讓(rang)良(liang)好生態成為鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)支撐點,讓(rang)低碳產業(ye)成為鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)新的(de)(de)經濟增長點,有(you)利于促進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)高質(zhi)高效、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)宜居宜業(ye)、農(nong)民富(fu)裕富(fu)足,助力(li)全面推(tui)(tui)進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振(zhen)(zhen)興(xing)(xing)(xing)。
(四)推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村減排(pai)固(gu)碳(tan),是(shi)應對(dui)氣(qi)候變化的(de)重(zhong)要途徑。全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)氣(qi)候變化深刻影響著人(ren)類生(sheng)存和發展(zhan),是(shi)各國(guo)共同面臨的(de)重(zhong)大挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。應對(dui)氣(qi)候變化是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)可持續發展(zhan)的(de)內在要求,也是(shi)負責任大國(guo)應盡的(de)國(guo)際義務。加快推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村減排(pai)固(gu)碳(tan),降低農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活溫室氣(qi)體排(pai)放強(qiang)度,提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)田土壤固(gu)碳(tan)能力(li)(li),發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村可再生(sheng)能源,有利于(yu)提升我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)適應氣(qi)候變化能力(li)(li),為全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)應對(dui)氣(qi)候變化作(zuo)出積極貢獻。
二、總體要求
(一)總體思路
以習(xi)近平(ping)新時代中(zhong)國特色(se)社會主義思想為(wei)指導,深入貫(guan)徹(che)黨的(de)十九大和十九屆歷(li)次全會精(jing)神,按照二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放力(li)(li) 爭于 2030 年前(qian)達(da)到峰(feng)值(zhi)、努力(li)(li)爭取 2060 年前(qian)實現碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和的(de)總體(ti)要(yao)求,落實把碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和納入生態文(wen)明總體(ti)布局的(de)決策(ce)部署,以保(bao)障糧(liang)食安全和重(zhong)要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品有效(xiao)供給為(wei)前(qian)提(ti),以全面推(tui)進(jin)鄉村(cun)(cun)振興、加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現代化(hua)為(wei)引(yin)領,以農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)綠色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發(fa)展為(wei)關鍵(jian),以實施減污(wu)降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)匯提(ti)升(sheng)重(zhong)大行動為(wei)抓手,全面提(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業綜合生產(chan)(chan)能力(li)(li),降低溫室氣體(ti)排放強度,提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)田土(tu)壤固碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能力(li)(li),大力(li)(li)發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)可再生能源(yuan), 建立完善監測評價體(ti)系(xi),強化(hua)科技創新支撐(cheng),構(gou)建政策(ce)保(bao)障機制,加快形成節約資源(yuan)和保(bao)護環境的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)業結(jie)構(gou)、 生產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式、生活方(fang)式、空(kong)間格局,為(wei)全國實現碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和作出貢獻。
(二)基本原則
堅持系(xi)統觀念。加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)固(gu)碳與糧食和(he)(he)(he)重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong) 產(chan)品有效(xiao)供(gong)給、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)污染治理(li)等(deng)重點工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)有效(xiao)銜接, 統一(yi)謀劃、統一(yi)部署、統一(yi)推(tui)進(jin)(jin),建立統籌融合的(de)戰略規劃和(he)(he)(he)行動體(ti)系(xi),處理(li)好(hao)發展和(he)(he)(he)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)、整體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)局(ju)部、長遠目(mu)(mu)標(biao)和(he)(he)(he) 短(duan)期目(mu)(mu)標(biao)、政府和(he)(he)(he)市場的(de)關系(xi)。堅持分(fen)類施(shi)策(ce)。根(gen)據區域資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)稟賦、產(chan)業(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)、生(sheng)產(chan)規 模、經營方式、生(sheng)態(tai)功能等(deng)差異(yi),因地(di)制宜提(ti)出不同區域、 不同行業(ye)的(de)解決方案,明確重點任(ren)務(wu)和(he)(he)(he)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)途徑(jing),推(tui)動形成各具(ju)特色(se)(se)、平衡(heng)協(xie)調(diao)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)固(gu)碳路線圖。堅持創新(xin)驅動。把(ba)創新(xin)作(zuo)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)固(gu)碳的(de)根(gen)本支撐,加快構建支撐綠色(se)(se)生(sheng)態(tai)種養、廢棄物資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用、可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)開發、生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統碳匯提(ti)升(sheng)等(deng)技術體(ti)系(xi),協(xie)同推(tui)進(jin)(jin)溫(wen)室氣體(ti)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)、耕地(di)質(zhi)量提(ti)升(sheng)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)面源(yuan)(yuan)污染防治、生(sheng)態(tai)循環農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)建設,提(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)對(dui)(dui)氣候變化(hua)韌性,提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)綠色(se)(se)低碳 發展水(shui)平。堅持政策(ce)激(ji)勵。注重激(ji)勵性措(cuo)施(shi)與約束(shu)性措(cuo)施(shi)相結(jie)合, 強化(hua)優惠(hui)政策(ce)的(de)引導(dao)作(zuo)用,在資(zi)金、項目(mu)(mu)等(deng)方面對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)固(gu)碳給予(yu)有力的(de)激(ji)勵約束(shu)。建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)固(gu)碳監測 體(ti)系(xi),積(ji)極探(tan)索碳排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)交易有效(xiao)路徑(jing)。
(三)主要目標
“十四五”期間(jian),在(zai)增強(qiang)適應(ying)氣候(hou)變(bian)化能(neng)力(li)、保(bao)障(zhang)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)全基礎上(shang),堅(jian)持降(jiang)低排(pai)放強(qiang)度為(wei)(wei)主、控(kong)制(zhi)排(pai)放總量為(wei)(wei)輔的(de)方針,著力(li)構(gou)(gou)建政(zheng)策激勵、市(shi)場(chang)引導和監管(guan)約(yue)束的(de)多向引導機 制(zhi),探索全社(she)會協同推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)實(shi)施路徑。到 2025 年,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)與糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)全、鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振興(xing)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現代化統(tong)籌(chou)融合的(de)格局(ju)基本形成(cheng),糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)和重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)供應(ying)保(bao)障(zhang)更加有(you)力(li),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)綠(lv)色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)取得積極(ji)成(cheng)效(xiao),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)結構(gou)(gou)和區域布局(ju)明顯(xian)(xian)優(you)化,種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、養殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)單(dan)位(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)排(pai)放強(qiang)度穩中有(you)降(jiang),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)土壤(rang)固(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)力(li)增強(qiang),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生產(chan)生活(huo)用能(neng)效(xiao)率提升。到 2030 年,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)與糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)全、鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)振興(xing)、 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現代化統(tong)籌(chou)推進的(de)合力(li)充分(fen)發(fa)揮,種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)溫室(shi)氣體、畜(chu)牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)反芻動物腸道發(fa)酵(jiao)、畜(chu)禽糞污管(guan)理溫室(shi)氣體排(pai)放和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生產(chan)生活(huo)用能(neng)排(pai)放強(qiang)度進一步降(jiang)低,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)土壤(rang)固(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng) 力(li)顯(xian)(xian)著提升,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展(zhan)全面綠(lv)色轉型取得顯(xian)(xian)著成(cheng)效(xiao)。
三、重點任務(wu)
(一(yi))種(zhong)植(zhi)業節能減排(pai)。在強化糧(liang)食安全保障(zhang)能力的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),優(you)化稻(dao)田水分灌溉(gai)管理,降(jiang)低稻(dao)田甲烷排(pai)放。推廣優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)和綠色高效(xiao)栽(zai)培技術,提(ti)高氮肥利(li)用效(xiao)率(lv),降(jiang)低氧化亞氮排(pai)放。
(二)畜牧(mu)業減排降(jiang)碳。推廣精準飼喂技術(shu),推進品種(zhong)改良,提高畜禽單產水(shui)平和(he)飼料報酬,降(jiang)低反芻動物腸道甲烷排放強度。提升畜禽養殖(zhi)糞(fen)污(wu)資源化(hua)利用(yong)水(shui)平,減少畜禽糞(fen)污(wu)管(guan)理的甲烷和(he)氧化(hua)亞氮排放。
(三(san))漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)減(jian)(jian)排增匯。發展稻(dao)漁(yu)綜(zong)合種(zhong)養(yang)、大水(shui)面生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)、多(duo)營養(yang)層次綜(zong)合養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)等生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)健(jian)康(kang)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)模式,減(jian)(jian)少甲烷排放。有序發展灘涂和淺海貝藻類增養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi),建(jian)設(she)國家(jia)級海洋牧場,構(gou)建(jian)立體生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)系統,增加漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)碳(tan)匯潛力(li)。推進漁(yu) 船漁(yu)機節能減(jian)(jian)排。
(四)農(nong)(nong)田固碳擴容。落實保(bao)護性耕作、秸稈還田、有(you)機肥施(shi)用、綠肥種植等措施(shi),加強高標準農(nong)(nong)田建設,加快退化耕地(di)治(zhi)理,加大黑土(tu)(tu)地(di)等保(bao)護力(li)度,提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)田土(tu)(tu)壤的有(you)機質(zhi)含量。發揮果園茶園碳匯功能。
(五)農機(ji)節(jie)能(neng)減排(pai)。加(jia)快(kuai)老舊農機(ji)報廢更新(xin)力度,推廣先進適用的低碳(tan)節(jie)能(neng)農機(ji)裝(zhuang)備,降(jiang)低化石能(neng)源消耗和二(er)氧化碳(tan)排(pai)放。推廣新(xin)能(neng)源技(ji)(ji)術,優化農機(ji)裝(zhuang)備結構,加(jia)快(kuai)綠色、智(zhi)能(neng)、復式(shi)、高(gao)效農機(ji)化技(ji)(ji)術裝(zhuang)備普及應用。
(六)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源替(ti)代(dai)。因地制宜推廣應用生(sheng)物質(zhi)能(neng)、太陽能(neng)、風能(neng)、地熱(re)能(neng)等綠色用能(neng)模式(shi),增加(jia)農(nong)村地區(qu)清潔(jie)能(neng)源供(gong)應。推動農(nong)村取暖炊事、農(nong)業生(sheng)產加(jia)工等用能(neng)側可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源替(ti)代(dai),強化(hua)能(neng)效提(ti)升。
四、重大行動
(一(yi))稻田甲烷(wan)減排行(xing)動。以水(shui)稻主產區為重點(dian),強(qiang)化(hua)稻田水(shui)分管(guan)理,因地制宜推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)稻田節(jie)水(shui)灌(guan)溉技術,提(ti)高水(shui)資源利用效率,減少甲烷(wan)生成。改進稻田施肥管(guan)理,推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)有(you)機肥腐(fu)熟還田等(deng)技術,選育推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)高產、優質、低碳水(shui)稻品(pin)種, 降(jiang)低水(shui)稻單產甲烷(wan)排放強(qiang)度。
(二)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)減(jian)量增效行(xing)動。以糧食(shi)主產區(qu)、果菜茶(cha)優(you)勢(shi)產區(qu)、農業綠色發展(zhan)先行(xing)區(qu)等(deng)為重點,推進氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)減(jian)量增效。研發推廣作(zuo)物(wu)吸收、利用率高的(de)新型(xing)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料產品,推廣水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一體化(hua)等(deng)高效施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技術(shu),提高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料利用率。推進有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)合使用,增加有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)投入(ru),替代部分化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
(三)畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)低(di)碳(tan)減排(pai)行動。推(tui)動畜牧業綠色低(di)碳(tan)發展,以畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)規模養殖(zhi)場(chang)為重(zhong)點,推(tui)廣(guang)低(di)蛋白日糧、全株青貯(zhu)等(deng)技術和(he)高產低(di)排(pai)放(fang)畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)品(pin)種,改進(jin)畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)飼養管理(li),實施精準飼喂,降低(di)單(dan)位(wei)畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)產品(pin)腸道甲(jia)(jia)烷排(pai)放(fang)強度。改進(jin)畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)糞(fen)(fen)污處理(li)設施裝備,推(tui)廣(guang)糞(fen)(fen)污密閉處理(li)、氣體收集利用或處理(li)等(deng)技術,建(jian)立糞(fen)(fen)污資源化(hua)利用臺賬,探索實施畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)糞(fen)(fen)污養分平衡管理(li),提高畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)糞(fen)(fen)污處理(li)水平,降低(di)畜禽(qin)(qin)(qin)糞(fen)(fen)污管理(li)的甲(jia)(jia)烷和(he)氧(yang)化(hua)亞氮排(pai)放(fang)。
(四)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業減排增匯行(xing)動。以重要漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業產區(qu)為重點(dian),推進(jin)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業設施和漁(yu)(yu)(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備節能(neng)改造(zao)(zao)(zao),大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)產低碳(tan)養(yang)殖(zhi),推廣節能(neng)養(yang)殖(zhi)機(ji)械。淘汰老舊木質漁(yu)(yu)(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),鼓勵建造(zao)(zao)(zao)玻璃鋼等新材料漁(yu)(yu)(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),推動漁(yu)(yu)(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)節能(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備配(pei)置(zhi)和升(sheng)級(ji)換代。發(fa)展(zhan)稻漁(yu)(yu)(yu)綜合種(zhong)養(yang)、魚(yu)菜共生(sheng)、大(da)水(shui)(shui)面增殖(zhi)等生(sheng)態(tai)健康(kang)養(yang)殖(zhi)模式。推進(jin)池塘(tang)標準(zhun)化改造(zao)(zao)(zao)和尾水(shui)(shui)治理,發(fa)展(zhan)工廠化、集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱等循環(huan)水(shui)(shui)養(yang)殖(zhi)。在(zai)近海(hai)及灘涂等主要漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業水(shui)(shui)域,開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)多營養(yang)層(ceng)級(ji)立(li)體生(sheng)態(tai)養(yang)殖(zhi),提升(sheng)貝類藻類固碳(tan)能(neng)力(li),增加漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業碳(tan)匯。在(zai)沿海(hai)地區(qu)繼續開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)國(guo)家級(ji)海(hai)洋牧場示范(fan)區(qu)建設,實現漁(yu)(yu)(yu)業生(sheng)物 固碳(tan)。
(五)農(nong)(nong)機(ji)綠色節能(neng)行動(dong)。以糧食和重要(yao)農(nong)(nong)產品生產所需農(nong)(nong)機(ji)為(wei)重點(dian),推進節能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)。實(shi)施(shi)更為(wei)嚴格的農(nong)(nong)機(ji)排(pai)放標準,減(jian)少廢氣排(pai)放。因地制宜發(fa)展復式、高效農(nong)(nong)機(ji)裝備(bei)和電動(dong)農(nong)(nong)機(ji)裝備(bei),培育壯(zhuang)大(da)新型農(nong)(nong)機(ji)服(fu)務(wu)組(zu)織,提供高效便捷的農(nong)(nong)機(ji)作(zuo)業服(fu)務(wu),減(jian)少種子、化(hua)肥、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、水(shui)資源用量,提升作(zuo)業效率,降(jiang)低(di)能(neng)源消耗。加快側(ce)深(shen)施(shi)肥、精準施(shi)藥(yao)、節水(shui)灌(guan)溉、高性能(neng)免耕播(bo)種等機(ji)械裝備(bei)推廣應用,大(da)力示范推廣節種節水(shui)節能(neng)節肥節藥(yao)的農(nong)(nong)機(ji)化(hua)技術。實(shi)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)機(ji)報廢更新補貼(tie)政策,加大(da)能(neng)耗高、排(pai)放高、損失大(da)、安全(quan)性能(neng)低(di)的老舊農(nong)(nong)機(ji)淘(tao)汰力度。
(六(liu))農(nong)(nong)田碳匯提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)行動。以耕地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有機(ji)質提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)為重點,增(zeng)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)田土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤固(gu)碳能力(li)(li)。實(shi)施(shi)國家(jia)黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)保護工程,推廣(guang)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)、秸(jie)稈科學(xue)還(huan)田、綠肥(fei)(fei)種植、糧豆輪作(zuo)、有機(ji)無(wu)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)配施(shi)等技(ji)術(shu),構建用(yong)地(di)養(yang)地(di)結(jie)合(he)的培肥(fei)(fei)固(gu)碳模式(shi),提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有機(ji)質含量(liang)。實(shi)施(shi)保護性(xing)耕作(zuo),因(yin)地(di)制宜推廣(guang)秸(jie)稈覆(fu)蓋還(huan)田免(mian)少耕播種技(ji)術(shu),有效(xiao)(xiao)減輕(qing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤風蝕水蝕,增(zeng)加土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有機(ji)質。推進退化耕地(di)治理(li),重點加強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤酸化、鹽堿(jian)化治理(li),消除土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤障(zhang)礙因(yin)素,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)力(li)(li),提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)固(gu)碳潛力(li)(li)。加強(qiang)高標準農(nong)(nong)田建設,加快(kuai)補齊(qi)農(nong)(nong)業基礎設施(shi)短(duan)板(ban),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高水土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)資源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率。
(七)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)行動(dong)。堅(jian)持(chi)農用(yong)優先、就(jiu)地就(jiu)近,以秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)、產業化(hua)(hua)(hua)、高值(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為重(zhong)點,推(tui)進(jin)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)。持(chi)續推(tui)進(jin)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)肥料(liao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、飼料(liao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)基料(liao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong),發揮好(hao)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)耕地保育和(he)種養結(jie)合(he)功能。推(tui)進(jin)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)能源化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong),因(yin)地制(zhi)宜發 展秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生物質能供(gong)氣供(gong)熱供(gong)電。拓寬秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)原料(liao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)途徑,支持(chi)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)漿(jiang)替代(dai)木漿(jiang)造紙,推(tui)動(dong)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)資源轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為環(huan)保板材、炭基產品等(deng)。健全秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)收儲運(yun)體系,完(wan)善(shan)秸(jie)(jie)稈(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)資源臺賬。
(八(ba))可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)替代行動。以(yi)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型為重(zhong)點,大力推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)村可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)利(li)用。因地(di)制宜發(fa)展農(nong)村沼(zhao)氣,鼓勵有(you)條件(jian)地(di)區建(jian)設規模化(hua)沼(zhao)氣/生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)天(tian)然(ran)氣工程,推(tui)(tui)進沼(zhao)氣集中供(gong)氣供(gong)熱(re)、發(fa)電上網,及生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)天(tian)然(ran)氣車用或并入燃氣管網等(deng)應用,替代化(hua)石能源(yuan)(yuan)。推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質成型燃料(liao)、打捆直燃、熱(re)解(jie)炭(tan)氣聯產等(deng)技術,配套清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)爐具和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質鍋爐,助力農(nong)村地(di)區清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)取暖。推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)太陽能熱(re)水器(qi)、太陽能燈(deng)、太陽房,利(li)用農(nong)業設施棚頂、魚塘等(deng)發(fa)展光伏農(nong)業。
(九)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)支(zhi)撐行動。系統梳(shu)理農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳重(zhong)大科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)需求,加大國(guo)家科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)計劃支(zhi)持力(li)度。依(yi)托(tuo)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系、國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)聯(lian)(lian)盟等,組織開展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳聯(lian)(lian)合(he)攻關,形成一批綜合(he)性技(ji)(ji)術(shu)解決方(fang)案,補齊農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)綠色低碳的科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)短板(ban)。發布農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳技(ji)(ji)術(shu)目錄。組建(jian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳專家指(zhi)導(dao)委員會(hui),加強技(ji)(ji)術(shu)指(zhi)導(dao)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)培訓和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)服務。健全農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排(pai)固(gu)碳標準體(ti)系,制修(xiu)訂(ding)一批國(guo)家標準、行業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準和地(di)方(fang)標準。
(十)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)體系(xi)建設行動(dong)。完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村減排固(gu)碳(tan)的監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)指標(biao)、關鍵參數、核算方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。統(tong)籌中央和(he)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)各級力量,優化不同區域(yu)(yu)稻田(tian)(tian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地、養殖場等監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)點位設置,推(tui)動(dong)構建科學布局、分級負(fu)責的監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)評價體系(xi),開(kai)展甲烷、氧化亞氮排放和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)、漁業(ye)固(gu)碳(tan)等定(ding)位監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。做(zuo)好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村可再(zai)生能(neng) 源(yuan)等監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)調查,開(kai)展常態化的統(tong)計分析。創新監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)和(he)手段(duan),加快智能(neng)化、信息化技術在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村減排固(gu)碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)領域(yu)(yu)的推(tui)廣應用(yong)。
五、保障措施
(一)加強(qiang)組織領(ling)導。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)部(bu)(bu)、國家發展改革委(wei)加強(qiang)統(tong)籌協調,審議農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)減(jian)(jian)排固(gu)碳的總體部(bu)(bu)署(shu)、重(zhong)要規劃, 統(tong)籌研究重(zhong)大政(zheng)策和(he)重(zhong)要工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)安排,協調解決重(zhong)點難(nan)點問題(ti),指(zhi)導督(du)促扎實(shi)開(kai)展工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)部(bu)(bu)具體負責(ze)組織實(shi)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)減(jian)(jian)排固(gu)碳工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),開(kai)展跟蹤(zong)評價,加強(qiang)督(du)促指(zhi)導。各地農(nong) 業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)、發展改革部(bu)(bu)門加強(qiang)政(zheng)策銜接和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)對(dui)接,結(jie)合地方實(shi)際(ji)情況,編制區域(yu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)減(jian)(jian)排固(gu)碳實(shi)施方案,確(que)保(bao)上下政(zheng)策取(qu)向一致、步伐力度一致。
(二)加強政策創(chuang)設。強化現有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)(jian)排固(gu)碳(tan)支持政策的落實落地(di)。研(yan)究完善重點任務(wu)支持政策,推進重大問題研(yan)究和(he)(he)政策法規制(zhi)定,強化正向激勵和(he)(he)負(fu)面約束等措(cuo)施創(chuang)設完善有利(li)于(yu)推進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)減(jian)(jian)排固(gu)碳(tan)的扶持政策。研(yan)究建(jian)立(li)核算認證體(ti)系(xi),探索農(nong)(nong)業(ye)碳(tan)排放交(jiao)易有效路(lu)徑(jing)。有序開展典(dian)型技術(shu)模式應用試(shi)點,打造一批農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)低碳(tan)零碳(tan)先(xian)導區。
(三(san))加(jia)強產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)育(yu)。大(da)力發展(zhan)以(yi)綠(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)、生態循環為增(zeng)長點(dian)的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)新產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)新業(ye)(ye)(ye)態,推動(dong)大(da)數(shu)據、人工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)等新技術與產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)深度融合,帶動(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級。探索低(di)碳(tan)(tan)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、節能(neng)(neng)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的認(ren)證和(he)管理,引導(dao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、經營主體強化減排固(gu)碳(tan)(tan)技術應用。打造一批農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai), 建立健全農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)碳(tan)(tan)足跡追溯體系,拓展(zhan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)方式和(he)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)渠道,不斷壯大(da)新型產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)長動(dong)能(neng)(neng)。
(四)加(jia)強宣傳引導。充分利(li)用各類傳統媒體和新(xin)媒體,拓寬(kuan)宣傳渠(qu)道(dao)(dao),加(jia)強對(dui)農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排固碳(tan)良好(hao)做法和典(dian)型模式的(de)宣傳報(bao)道(dao)(dao),形成多方合力推進的(de)濃厚氛圍(wei)。加(jia)強農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)減排固碳(tan)科普工作(zuo)(zuo)力度,創作(zuo)(zuo)一批(pi)公(gong)眾喜聞樂見的(de)科普作(zuo)(zuo)品。定(ding)期(qi)舉辦(ban)專(zhuan)題培訓(xun)和觀摩交流(liu)等活動,選(xuan)樹一批(pi)有代表性的(de)區域和實施主體,打(da)造(zao)典(dian)型樣板。