化工行业废水通常含有多种重金属和络合剂，这是因为在电镀行业中镀铜层常作为镀镍、镀锡、镀铬、镀银、镀金的底层，以提高基体金属与表面镀层的结合力和镀层的防腐蚀性能。对于含铜电镀废水的处理主要采用化学法、离子交换法、膜分离法、吸附法、生物法等。今天，德森环境重金属固废处理专家给大(da)家介(jie)绍一下利用化学法来处理含铜电(dian)镀(du)废水(shui)。

1、电(dian)化(hua)学(xue)法：电(dian)化(hua)学(xue)方法处(chu)理(li)含(han)铜废(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)具有(you)高(gao)效、可自动控制、污泥(ni)量(liang)少等优点，且(qie)处(chu)理(li)含(han)铜电(dian)镀(du)废(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)能直(zhi)接回收金属(shu)铜，处(chu)理(li)时(shi)对废(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)含(han)铜浓(nong)度的范围适应较广，尤其对浓(nong)度较高(gao)(铜的质量(liang)浓(nong)度大于(yu)1g/L时(shi))的废(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)有(you)一定(ding)的经(jing)济效益，但低浓(nong)度时(shi)电(dian)流效率较低。

2、中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉淀(dian)(dian)法：目前国内常采用(yong)化学(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)法、混凝沉淀(dian)(dian)法处理含铜(tong)综合电镀废(fei)水，在(zai)对废(fei)水中(zhong)(zhong)的酸、碱进行中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)的同时，铜(tong)离子形成氢氧(yang)化铜(tong)沉淀(dian)(dian)，然后再(zai)经(jing)固液(ye)分(fen)离装置(zhi)去(qu)除沉淀(dian)(dian)物。

单一含(han)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)废(fei)水(shui)在(zai)pH值(zhi)为6.92时，就(jiu)能(neng)使铜(tong)(tong)(tong)离(li)子沉淀(dian)(dian)去除(chu)而(er)达(da)标(biao)，一般电镀废(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)与铁共存(cun)时，控制pH值(zhi)在(zai)8~9，也能(neng)使其达(da)到排放(fang)(fang)(fang)标(biao)准(zhun)。然而(er)对既含(han)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)又(you)含(han)其它重金(jin)属(shu)及络(luo)合(he)物的(de)(de)混(hun)合(he)电镀废(fei)水(shui)，铜(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)去除(chu)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)达(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到排放(fang)(fang)(fang)标(biao)准(zhun)，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)因为此(ci)方法(fa)的(de)(de)处(chu)理(li)(li)实质是(shi)(shi)调节废(fei)水(shui)pH值(zhi)，而(er)各(ge)种金(jin)属(shu)最佳沉淀(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)pH值(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，使得(de)去除(chu)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好;再者如果(guo)废(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有氰(qing)、铵等(deng)络(luo)合(he)离(li)子，与铜(tong)(tong)(tong)离(li)子形成(cheng)络(luo)合(he)物，铜(tong)(tong)(tong)离(li)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)易离(li)解，使得(de)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)离(li)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)达(da)标(biao)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)。特(te)别(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)对含(han)有氰(qing)的(de)(de)含(han)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)混(hun)合(he)废(fei)水(shui)经处(chu)理(li)(li)后，铜(tong)(tong)(tong)离(li)子的(de)(de)浓度和(he)CN-的(de)(de)浓度几乎成(cheng)正比，只要(yao)废(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)CN-存(cun)在(zai)，出(chu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)离(li)子浓度就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)会达(da)标(biao)。这就(jiu)使得(de)利用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)沉淀(dian)(dian)法(fa)处(chu)理(li)(li)含(han)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)混(hun)合(he)废(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)出(chu)水(shui)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好，特(te)别(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)对于铜(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)去除(chu)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳。

3、硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)沉淀(dian)法：硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)沉淀(dian)法处理含铜(tong)废水(shui)具有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)优(you)势(shi)，可以解(jie)(jie)决(jue)一些弱络(luo)(luo)合态(tai)重金属不(bu)(bu)达标的(de)(de)(de)问题，硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)铜(tong)的(de)(de)(de)溶解(jie)(jie)度比氢氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)铜(tong)的(de)(de)(de)溶解(jie)(jie)度低(di)得多(duo)，而且反应的(de)(de)(de)pH值范围(wei)较宽，硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)还能(neng)沉淀(dian)部分铜(tong)离子(zi)络(luo)(luo)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)，所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要分流处理。然而，由于硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)沉淀(dian)细小，不(bu)(bu)易沉降(jiang)，限制了它的(de)(de)(de)应用，另(ling)外氰根离子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)影(ying)响(xiang)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)沉淀(dian)，会溶解(jie)(jie)部分硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)沉淀(dian)。